How could I amplify different partials of inlet signal from [adc~]?

When you say "amplifying partials" do you mean analyzing the spectrum of a sound file (or a real time audio source) then manipulating partials selected from the spectral information? If so, objects related to fourier analysis like [rfft], [ifft] are the ones you're looking for. Have a look at the examples starts with "I01.Fourier.analysis.pd" under the title of audio examples in the help browser (also E01.spectrum.pd).

If what you want is just to isolate some certain frequencies then amplify them (what we are talking is actually equalizer), then connecting your audio source to a series of bandpass [bp~] filters can be helpful. Check the help file to see how [bp~] works.

Hope this helps.